Grin, Rob
On the Prediction of Wave-added Resistance with Empirical Method Journal Article
In: Journal of Ship Production and Design, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 11, 2014.
@article{Grin2014,
title = {On the Prediction of Wave-added Resistance with Empirical Method},
author = {Rob Grin},
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/Publications/Publication-items/On-the-Prediction-of-Waveadded-Resistance-with-Empirical-Methods.htm},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-01},
journal = {Journal of Ship Production and Design},
volume = {30},
number = {4},
pages = {11},
abstract = {The prediction of wave-added resistance is important for several reasons. In heavy weather safety aspects are most important.
Is the ship able to sustain sufficient speed to maintain heading and is the main engine able to cope with the overload? In moderate weather conditions, fuel economy is most important. In these conditions, the power demand increases when speed is sustained or when sailing at constant power the added resistance will result in speed loss.
The safety and economic aspects can already be studied in the design stage with so-called operability studies. These studies account for the actual service conditions and assist the designer to optimize for service conditions and to select an appropriate service margin. When the service margin is too low, safety might be at risk and the reliability in terms of arrival times will be low. When the service margin is too high, the main engine will run most of the time at inefficient power settings and (future) energy efficiency design index (EEDI) requirements might not be met.
Within the present work we compared two recently developed empirical prediction methods, two established empirical methods developed in the 1970s and experimental data in regular waves and irregular seas. The first new method (STAWAVE2) predicts added resistance in head seas only and has been developed within the Sea Trial Performance Joint Industry Project (STA-JIP). The goal of this JIP was to improve transparency and accuracy of speed trials. One of the requirements was to deliver a reliable correction method for wave-added resistance. The second new method (SPAWAVE) is suitable for all wave directions and has been developed within the service performance analysis joint industry project (SPA-JIP). This JIP aimed at the reduction of fuel consumption by careful analysis of the vessel performance in service conditions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Is the ship able to sustain sufficient speed to maintain heading and is the main engine able to cope with the overload? In moderate weather conditions, fuel economy is most important. In these conditions, the power demand increases when speed is sustained or when sailing at constant power the added resistance will result in speed loss.
The safety and economic aspects can already be studied in the design stage with so-called operability studies. These studies account for the actual service conditions and assist the designer to optimize for service conditions and to select an appropriate service margin. When the service margin is too low, safety might be at risk and the reliability in terms of arrival times will be low. When the service margin is too high, the main engine will run most of the time at inefficient power settings and (future) energy efficiency design index (EEDI) requirements might not be met.
Within the present work we compared two recently developed empirical prediction methods, two established empirical methods developed in the 1970s and experimental data in regular waves and irregular seas. The first new method (STAWAVE2) predicts added resistance in head seas only and has been developed within the Sea Trial Performance Joint Industry Project (STA-JIP). The goal of this JIP was to improve transparency and accuracy of speed trials. One of the requirements was to deliver a reliable correction method for wave-added resistance. The second new method (SPAWAVE) is suitable for all wave directions and has been developed within the service performance analysis joint industry project (SPA-JIP). This JIP aimed at the reduction of fuel consumption by careful analysis of the vessel performance in service conditions.
Grin, Rob
On The Prediction Of Wave Added Resistance Conference
11th International Marine Design Conference (IMDC), Glasgow, UK, 2012.
@conference{Grin2012,
title = {On The Prediction Of Wave Added Resistance},
author = {Rob Grin},
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/News/News-items/On-The-Prediction-Of-Wave-Added-Resistance.htm
},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-06-11},
booktitle = {11th International Marine Design Conference (IMDC), Glasgow, UK},
abstract = {There is continuous research on analytical, numerical and (semi-)empirical methods to predict wave added resistance. Most of this research focuses on a particular area, like motion induced wave added resistance, wave added resistance in short waves or is limited to head seas only. The practical application of most methods is therefore often limited. Moreover, most methods require detailed information on hull lines and results are rather sensitive to the discretisation of those hull lines. Since 2006, MARIN has been investigating the feasibility of empirical methods which do not have those limitations. They only require the main particulars to predict wave added resistance. Within the Sea Trial Analysis joint industry project (STA-JIP), a method was developed for the correction of wave added resistance in head seas covering both the motion induced and the wave reflection induced component. This method was further refined and extended to all wave directions within the service performance analysis JIP (SPA-JIP) in 2008.
This paper presents the results of the comparison between the prediction methods and model tests for almost 50 different ships, comprising more than 1500 tests in regular and irregular seas.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
This paper presents the results of the comparison between the prediction methods and model tests for almost 50 different ships, comprising more than 1500 tests in regular and irregular seas.
Hagesteijn, Gerco; Hooijmans, Patrick
Ship Design for Minimal Fuel Consumption in Everyday Use Conference
Design and Operation of Tankers, Athens, Greece, The Royal Institution of Naval Architects 2011.
@conference{Hagesteijn2011,
title = {Ship Design for Minimal Fuel Consumption in Everyday Use},
author = {Gerco Hagesteijn and Patrick Hooijmans},
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/Publications/Publication-items/Ship-Design-for-Minimal-Fuel-Consumption-in-Everyday-Use.htm
http://www.rina.org.uk/search_publications.html
},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-06-08},
booktitle = {Design and Operation of Tankers, Athens, Greece},
organization = {The Royal Institution of Naval Architects},
abstract = {Ships are in general designed to first meet their contract speed, which is most times their trial speed. The ship design efforts are dominated by the focus to attain this trial speed. The resulting hull lines design philosophy will most likely not result into the most full efficient design in service conditions. Increasing fuel costs and low freight rates drive the need to design ships for their service conditions. It's operational draughts and added resistance due to waves that should be the key drivers for a successful modern ship design. The last years MARIN has tested and expanded its tools and capacities to support hull form design for minimal fuel consumption in everyday use, minimizing SOx and NOx emissions. Tools suchs as viscous flow calculations in an explorer mode, calculating numerous hull form variations overnight in order to maximize the performance of the vessel, and voyage simulations to determine true service margins are essential when designing a ship.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Dallinga, Reint; van Walree, Frans; Grin, Rob; Koning, Jos
Seakeeping issues in the design of containerships Conference
Design & Operation of Container Ships 2008, The Royal Institute of Naval Architects 2008.
@conference{Dallinga2008,
title = {Seakeeping issues in the design of containerships},
author = {Reint Dallinga and Frans van Walree and Rob Grin and Jos Koning},
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/Publications/Papers/Seakeeping-issues-in-the-design-of-containerships.htm
http://www.rina.org.uk/search_publications.html},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
booktitle = {Design & Operation of Container Ships 2008},
organization = {The Royal Institute of Naval Architects},
abstract = {While the advanced art of minimising the installed power for a given speed has a clear role in the design of container ships, the place of seakeeping is less well established. The incidental character of seakeeping problems at sea in combination with the fact that building for good seakeeping may decrease the container capacity and increase the building costs seems a major reason for this, in addition to the sheer complexity of the issues. The present paper
addresses the last point with an effort to give a complete review of the seakeeping issues in containership design. Based on recent experience from model tests the work explores the physical nature of the involuntary speed loss in waves and reasons for a voluntary speed reduction (green water loads, whipping accelerations due to bow and stern slamming, engine racing) or change in course (exposure of containers to wave crests, rolling). In addition a review is given of the extreme behaviour that the master would like to avoid altogether, like excessive heel due to loss of stability in following seas and parametric roll. Based on the results tentative design guidance is formulated.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
addresses the last point with an effort to give a complete review of the seakeeping issues in containership design. Based on recent experience from model tests the work explores the physical nature of the involuntary speed loss in waves and reasons for a voluntary speed reduction (green water loads, whipping accelerations due to bow and stern slamming, engine racing) or change in course (exposure of containers to wave crests, rolling). In addition a review is given of the extreme behaviour that the master would like to avoid altogether, like excessive heel due to loss of stability in following seas and parametric roll. Based on the results tentative design guidance is formulated.
2014
Grin, Rob
On the Prediction of Wave-added Resistance with Empirical Method Journal Article
In: Journal of Ship Production and Design, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 11, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: added resistance in waves, sea margin, sea trial, seakeeping, speed loss, STA JIP
@article{Grin2014,
title = {On the Prediction of Wave-added Resistance with Empirical Method},
author = {Rob Grin},
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/Publications/Publication-items/On-the-Prediction-of-Waveadded-Resistance-with-Empirical-Methods.htm},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-01},
journal = {Journal of Ship Production and Design},
volume = {30},
number = {4},
pages = {11},
abstract = {The prediction of wave-added resistance is important for several reasons. In heavy weather safety aspects are most important.
Is the ship able to sustain sufficient speed to maintain heading and is the main engine able to cope with the overload? In moderate weather conditions, fuel economy is most important. In these conditions, the power demand increases when speed is sustained or when sailing at constant power the added resistance will result in speed loss.
The safety and economic aspects can already be studied in the design stage with so-called operability studies. These studies account for the actual service conditions and assist the designer to optimize for service conditions and to select an appropriate service margin. When the service margin is too low, safety might be at risk and the reliability in terms of arrival times will be low. When the service margin is too high, the main engine will run most of the time at inefficient power settings and (future) energy efficiency design index (EEDI) requirements might not be met.
Within the present work we compared two recently developed empirical prediction methods, two established empirical methods developed in the 1970s and experimental data in regular waves and irregular seas. The first new method (STAWAVE2) predicts added resistance in head seas only and has been developed within the Sea Trial Performance Joint Industry Project (STA-JIP). The goal of this JIP was to improve transparency and accuracy of speed trials. One of the requirements was to deliver a reliable correction method for wave-added resistance. The second new method (SPAWAVE) is suitable for all wave directions and has been developed within the service performance analysis joint industry project (SPA-JIP). This JIP aimed at the reduction of fuel consumption by careful analysis of the vessel performance in service conditions.},
keywords = {added resistance in waves, sea margin, sea trial, seakeeping, speed loss, STA JIP},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Is the ship able to sustain sufficient speed to maintain heading and is the main engine able to cope with the overload? In moderate weather conditions, fuel economy is most important. In these conditions, the power demand increases when speed is sustained or when sailing at constant power the added resistance will result in speed loss.
The safety and economic aspects can already be studied in the design stage with so-called operability studies. These studies account for the actual service conditions and assist the designer to optimize for service conditions and to select an appropriate service margin. When the service margin is too low, safety might be at risk and the reliability in terms of arrival times will be low. When the service margin is too high, the main engine will run most of the time at inefficient power settings and (future) energy efficiency design index (EEDI) requirements might not be met.
Within the present work we compared two recently developed empirical prediction methods, two established empirical methods developed in the 1970s and experimental data in regular waves and irregular seas. The first new method (STAWAVE2) predicts added resistance in head seas only and has been developed within the Sea Trial Performance Joint Industry Project (STA-JIP). The goal of this JIP was to improve transparency and accuracy of speed trials. One of the requirements was to deliver a reliable correction method for wave-added resistance. The second new method (SPAWAVE) is suitable for all wave directions and has been developed within the service performance analysis joint industry project (SPA-JIP). This JIP aimed at the reduction of fuel consumption by careful analysis of the vessel performance in service conditions.
2012
Grin, Rob
On The Prediction Of Wave Added Resistance Conference
11th International Marine Design Conference (IMDC), Glasgow, UK, 2012.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: added resistance in waves, sea margin, sea trial, seakeeping, speed loss, STA JIP
@conference{Grin2012,
title = {On The Prediction Of Wave Added Resistance},
author = {Rob Grin},
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/News/News-items/On-The-Prediction-Of-Wave-Added-Resistance.htm
},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-06-11},
booktitle = {11th International Marine Design Conference (IMDC), Glasgow, UK},
abstract = {There is continuous research on analytical, numerical and (semi-)empirical methods to predict wave added resistance. Most of this research focuses on a particular area, like motion induced wave added resistance, wave added resistance in short waves or is limited to head seas only. The practical application of most methods is therefore often limited. Moreover, most methods require detailed information on hull lines and results are rather sensitive to the discretisation of those hull lines. Since 2006, MARIN has been investigating the feasibility of empirical methods which do not have those limitations. They only require the main particulars to predict wave added resistance. Within the Sea Trial Analysis joint industry project (STA-JIP), a method was developed for the correction of wave added resistance in head seas covering both the motion induced and the wave reflection induced component. This method was further refined and extended to all wave directions within the service performance analysis JIP (SPA-JIP) in 2008.
This paper presents the results of the comparison between the prediction methods and model tests for almost 50 different ships, comprising more than 1500 tests in regular and irregular seas.},
keywords = {added resistance in waves, sea margin, sea trial, seakeeping, speed loss, STA JIP},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
This paper presents the results of the comparison between the prediction methods and model tests for almost 50 different ships, comprising more than 1500 tests in regular and irregular seas.
2011
Hagesteijn, Gerco; Hooijmans, Patrick
Ship Design for Minimal Fuel Consumption in Everyday Use Conference
Design and Operation of Tankers, Athens, Greece, The Royal Institution of Naval Architects 2011.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: added resistance in waves, Design for service, Fuel consumption, speed loss, voyage simulation
@conference{Hagesteijn2011,
title = {Ship Design for Minimal Fuel Consumption in Everyday Use},
author = {Gerco Hagesteijn and Patrick Hooijmans},
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/Publications/Publication-items/Ship-Design-for-Minimal-Fuel-Consumption-in-Everyday-Use.htm
http://www.rina.org.uk/search_publications.html
},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-06-08},
booktitle = {Design and Operation of Tankers, Athens, Greece},
organization = {The Royal Institution of Naval Architects},
abstract = {Ships are in general designed to first meet their contract speed, which is most times their trial speed. The ship design efforts are dominated by the focus to attain this trial speed. The resulting hull lines design philosophy will most likely not result into the most full efficient design in service conditions. Increasing fuel costs and low freight rates drive the need to design ships for their service conditions. It's operational draughts and added resistance due to waves that should be the key drivers for a successful modern ship design. The last years MARIN has tested and expanded its tools and capacities to support hull form design for minimal fuel consumption in everyday use, minimizing SOx and NOx emissions. Tools suchs as viscous flow calculations in an explorer mode, calculating numerous hull form variations overnight in order to maximize the performance of the vessel, and voyage simulations to determine true service margins are essential when designing a ship.},
keywords = {added resistance in waves, Design for service, Fuel consumption, speed loss, voyage simulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
2008
Dallinga, Reint; van Walree, Frans; Grin, Rob; Koning, Jos
Seakeeping issues in the design of containerships Conference
Design & Operation of Container Ships 2008, The Royal Institute of Naval Architects 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: added resistance in waves, containerships, Design for service, motions, seakeeping, speed loss
@conference{Dallinga2008,
title = {Seakeeping issues in the design of containerships},
author = {Reint Dallinga and Frans van Walree and Rob Grin and Jos Koning},
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/Publications/Papers/Seakeeping-issues-in-the-design-of-containerships.htm
http://www.rina.org.uk/search_publications.html},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
booktitle = {Design & Operation of Container Ships 2008},
organization = {The Royal Institute of Naval Architects},
abstract = {While the advanced art of minimising the installed power for a given speed has a clear role in the design of container ships, the place of seakeeping is less well established. The incidental character of seakeeping problems at sea in combination with the fact that building for good seakeeping may decrease the container capacity and increase the building costs seems a major reason for this, in addition to the sheer complexity of the issues. The present paper
addresses the last point with an effort to give a complete review of the seakeeping issues in containership design. Based on recent experience from model tests the work explores the physical nature of the involuntary speed loss in waves and reasons for a voluntary speed reduction (green water loads, whipping accelerations due to bow and stern slamming, engine racing) or change in course (exposure of containers to wave crests, rolling). In addition a review is given of the extreme behaviour that the master would like to avoid altogether, like excessive heel due to loss of stability in following seas and parametric roll. Based on the results tentative design guidance is formulated.},
keywords = {added resistance in waves, containerships, Design for service, motions, seakeeping, speed loss},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
addresses the last point with an effort to give a complete review of the seakeeping issues in containership design. Based on recent experience from model tests the work explores the physical nature of the involuntary speed loss in waves and reasons for a voluntary speed reduction (green water loads, whipping accelerations due to bow and stern slamming, engine racing) or change in course (exposure of containers to wave crests, rolling). In addition a review is given of the extreme behaviour that the master would like to avoid altogether, like excessive heel due to loss of stability in following seas and parametric roll. Based on the results tentative design guidance is formulated.