Grin, Rob
On the Prediction of Wave-added Resistance with Empirical Method Journal Article
In: Journal of Ship Production and Design, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 11, 2014.
@article{Grin2014,
title = {On the Prediction of Wave-added Resistance with Empirical Method},
author = {Rob Grin},
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/Publications/Publication-items/On-the-Prediction-of-Waveadded-Resistance-with-Empirical-Methods.htm},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-01},
journal = {Journal of Ship Production and Design},
volume = {30},
number = {4},
pages = {11},
abstract = {The prediction of wave-added resistance is important for several reasons. In heavy weather safety aspects are most important.
Is the ship able to sustain sufficient speed to maintain heading and is the main engine able to cope with the overload? In moderate weather conditions, fuel economy is most important. In these conditions, the power demand increases when speed is sustained or when sailing at constant power the added resistance will result in speed loss.
The safety and economic aspects can already be studied in the design stage with so-called operability studies. These studies account for the actual service conditions and assist the designer to optimize for service conditions and to select an appropriate service margin. When the service margin is too low, safety might be at risk and the reliability in terms of arrival times will be low. When the service margin is too high, the main engine will run most of the time at inefficient power settings and (future) energy efficiency design index (EEDI) requirements might not be met.
Within the present work we compared two recently developed empirical prediction methods, two established empirical methods developed in the 1970s and experimental data in regular waves and irregular seas. The first new method (STAWAVE2) predicts added resistance in head seas only and has been developed within the Sea Trial Performance Joint Industry Project (STA-JIP). The goal of this JIP was to improve transparency and accuracy of speed trials. One of the requirements was to deliver a reliable correction method for wave-added resistance. The second new method (SPAWAVE) is suitable for all wave directions and has been developed within the service performance analysis joint industry project (SPA-JIP). This JIP aimed at the reduction of fuel consumption by careful analysis of the vessel performance in service conditions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Is the ship able to sustain sufficient speed to maintain heading and is the main engine able to cope with the overload? In moderate weather conditions, fuel economy is most important. In these conditions, the power demand increases when speed is sustained or when sailing at constant power the added resistance will result in speed loss.
The safety and economic aspects can already be studied in the design stage with so-called operability studies. These studies account for the actual service conditions and assist the designer to optimize for service conditions and to select an appropriate service margin. When the service margin is too low, safety might be at risk and the reliability in terms of arrival times will be low. When the service margin is too high, the main engine will run most of the time at inefficient power settings and (future) energy efficiency design index (EEDI) requirements might not be met.
Within the present work we compared two recently developed empirical prediction methods, two established empirical methods developed in the 1970s and experimental data in regular waves and irregular seas. The first new method (STAWAVE2) predicts added resistance in head seas only and has been developed within the Sea Trial Performance Joint Industry Project (STA-JIP). The goal of this JIP was to improve transparency and accuracy of speed trials. One of the requirements was to deliver a reliable correction method for wave-added resistance. The second new method (SPAWAVE) is suitable for all wave directions and has been developed within the service performance analysis joint industry project (SPA-JIP). This JIP aimed at the reduction of fuel consumption by careful analysis of the vessel performance in service conditions.
van den Boom, Henk; Huisman, Rene; Mennen, Frits
New Guidelines for Speed/ Power Trials Journal Article
In: SWZ Maritime, pp. 19-22, 2013.
@article{Boom2013,
title = {New Guidelines for Speed/ Power Trials},
author = {Henk van den Boom and Rene Huisman and Frits Mennen },
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/JIPs-Networks/Public/STA.htm
http://www.staimo.com/},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-30},
journal = {SWZ Maritime},
pages = {19-22},
abstract = {The speed/power characteristics of ships have always been at the core of ship design. To prove contractually agreed values, speed trials are conducted by the yard prior to the ship's delivery to the owner. In the past, the vessel's schedule integrity was often the most important factor for the speed requirement. Today, owners and operators are keen to reduce fuel consumption to decrease operational costs. So far, shipyards have used a variety of methods for conducting and analysing speed/power trials. With the assistance of the Sea Trial Analysis-Joint Industry Project (STA-JIP) and ITTC, the new IMO EEDI rules to reduce C02 emissions have resulted in clear, pragmatic and transparent guidelines for the reliable speed/power assessment of ships worldwide. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Grin, Rob
On The Prediction Of Wave Added Resistance Conference
11th International Marine Design Conference (IMDC), Glasgow, UK, 2012.
@conference{Grin2012,
title = {On The Prediction Of Wave Added Resistance},
author = {Rob Grin},
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/News/News-items/On-The-Prediction-Of-Wave-Added-Resistance.htm
},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-06-11},
booktitle = {11th International Marine Design Conference (IMDC), Glasgow, UK},
abstract = {There is continuous research on analytical, numerical and (semi-)empirical methods to predict wave added resistance. Most of this research focuses on a particular area, like motion induced wave added resistance, wave added resistance in short waves or is limited to head seas only. The practical application of most methods is therefore often limited. Moreover, most methods require detailed information on hull lines and results are rather sensitive to the discretisation of those hull lines. Since 2006, MARIN has been investigating the feasibility of empirical methods which do not have those limitations. They only require the main particulars to predict wave added resistance. Within the Sea Trial Analysis joint industry project (STA-JIP), a method was developed for the correction of wave added resistance in head seas covering both the motion induced and the wave reflection induced component. This method was further refined and extended to all wave directions within the service performance analysis JIP (SPA-JIP) in 2008.
This paper presents the results of the comparison between the prediction methods and model tests for almost 50 different ships, comprising more than 1500 tests in regular and irregular seas.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
This paper presents the results of the comparison between the prediction methods and model tests for almost 50 different ships, comprising more than 1500 tests in regular and irregular seas.
van den Boom, Henk; van der Hout, Ivo; Flikkema, Maarten
Speed-Power Performance of Ships during Trials and in Service Conference
Greek Section 2nd International Symposium on Ship Operations, Management & Economics, SNAME, 2008.
@conference{Boom2018,
title = {Speed-Power Performance of Ships during Trials and in Service},
author = {Henk van den Boom and Ivo van der Hout and Maarten Flikkema},
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/JIPs-Networks/Public/STA.htm
http://www.sname.org/home
http://www.staimo.com/},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-09},
booktitle = {Greek Section 2nd International Symposium on Ship Operations, Management & Economics},
journal = {SNAME 2008},
publisher = {SNAME},
abstract = {Where in the past the operational cost of a ship was dominated by crew costs, this is now taken over by the bunker costs due to the ever increasing oil prices. To reduce operational costs, ships should be optimised in fuel efficiency considering environmental conditions and operational parameters. As a first step the speedpower relation should be established by means of speed trials upon delivery by the yard. A transparent and accurate industry standard for conducting and analysing speed trials is discussed. New methods to determine the added resistance of ships in waves are presented and a consistent practice for speed trials is proposed. The second step in optimizing the vessel performance is to monitor the speed-power performance of the vessel in
service. The vessel however is navigating under continuously changing loading and environmental conditions. By a proper analysis of the results and a display to the crew, the in service fuel consumption can be reduced by e.g. optimum trim of the vessel, engine settings or timely cleaning of the propeller.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
service. The vessel however is navigating under continuously changing loading and environmental conditions. By a proper analysis of the results and a display to the crew, the in service fuel consumption can be reduced by e.g. optimum trim of the vessel, engine settings or timely cleaning of the propeller.
2014
Grin, Rob
On the Prediction of Wave-added Resistance with Empirical Method Journal Article
In: Journal of Ship Production and Design, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 11, 2014.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: added resistance in waves, sea margin, sea trial, seakeeping, speed loss, STA JIP
@article{Grin2014,
title = {On the Prediction of Wave-added Resistance with Empirical Method},
author = {Rob Grin},
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/Publications/Publication-items/On-the-Prediction-of-Waveadded-Resistance-with-Empirical-Methods.htm},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-11-01},
journal = {Journal of Ship Production and Design},
volume = {30},
number = {4},
pages = {11},
abstract = {The prediction of wave-added resistance is important for several reasons. In heavy weather safety aspects are most important.
Is the ship able to sustain sufficient speed to maintain heading and is the main engine able to cope with the overload? In moderate weather conditions, fuel economy is most important. In these conditions, the power demand increases when speed is sustained or when sailing at constant power the added resistance will result in speed loss.
The safety and economic aspects can already be studied in the design stage with so-called operability studies. These studies account for the actual service conditions and assist the designer to optimize for service conditions and to select an appropriate service margin. When the service margin is too low, safety might be at risk and the reliability in terms of arrival times will be low. When the service margin is too high, the main engine will run most of the time at inefficient power settings and (future) energy efficiency design index (EEDI) requirements might not be met.
Within the present work we compared two recently developed empirical prediction methods, two established empirical methods developed in the 1970s and experimental data in regular waves and irregular seas. The first new method (STAWAVE2) predicts added resistance in head seas only and has been developed within the Sea Trial Performance Joint Industry Project (STA-JIP). The goal of this JIP was to improve transparency and accuracy of speed trials. One of the requirements was to deliver a reliable correction method for wave-added resistance. The second new method (SPAWAVE) is suitable for all wave directions and has been developed within the service performance analysis joint industry project (SPA-JIP). This JIP aimed at the reduction of fuel consumption by careful analysis of the vessel performance in service conditions.},
keywords = {added resistance in waves, sea margin, sea trial, seakeeping, speed loss, STA JIP},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Is the ship able to sustain sufficient speed to maintain heading and is the main engine able to cope with the overload? In moderate weather conditions, fuel economy is most important. In these conditions, the power demand increases when speed is sustained or when sailing at constant power the added resistance will result in speed loss.
The safety and economic aspects can already be studied in the design stage with so-called operability studies. These studies account for the actual service conditions and assist the designer to optimize for service conditions and to select an appropriate service margin. When the service margin is too low, safety might be at risk and the reliability in terms of arrival times will be low. When the service margin is too high, the main engine will run most of the time at inefficient power settings and (future) energy efficiency design index (EEDI) requirements might not be met.
Within the present work we compared two recently developed empirical prediction methods, two established empirical methods developed in the 1970s and experimental data in regular waves and irregular seas. The first new method (STAWAVE2) predicts added resistance in head seas only and has been developed within the Sea Trial Performance Joint Industry Project (STA-JIP). The goal of this JIP was to improve transparency and accuracy of speed trials. One of the requirements was to deliver a reliable correction method for wave-added resistance. The second new method (SPAWAVE) is suitable for all wave directions and has been developed within the service performance analysis joint industry project (SPA-JIP). This JIP aimed at the reduction of fuel consumption by careful analysis of the vessel performance in service conditions.
2013
van den Boom, Henk; Huisman, Rene; Mennen, Frits
New Guidelines for Speed/ Power Trials Journal Article
In: SWZ Maritime, pp. 19-22, 2013.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: full scale, STA JIP, trial
@article{Boom2013,
title = {New Guidelines for Speed/ Power Trials},
author = {Henk van den Boom and Rene Huisman and Frits Mennen },
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/JIPs-Networks/Public/STA.htm
http://www.staimo.com/},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-30},
journal = {SWZ Maritime},
pages = {19-22},
abstract = {The speed/power characteristics of ships have always been at the core of ship design. To prove contractually agreed values, speed trials are conducted by the yard prior to the ship's delivery to the owner. In the past, the vessel's schedule integrity was often the most important factor for the speed requirement. Today, owners and operators are keen to reduce fuel consumption to decrease operational costs. So far, shipyards have used a variety of methods for conducting and analysing speed/power trials. With the assistance of the Sea Trial Analysis-Joint Industry Project (STA-JIP) and ITTC, the new IMO EEDI rules to reduce C02 emissions have resulted in clear, pragmatic and transparent guidelines for the reliable speed/power assessment of ships worldwide. },
keywords = {full scale, STA JIP, trial},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2012
Grin, Rob
On The Prediction Of Wave Added Resistance Conference
11th International Marine Design Conference (IMDC), Glasgow, UK, 2012.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: added resistance in waves, sea margin, sea trial, seakeeping, speed loss, STA JIP
@conference{Grin2012,
title = {On The Prediction Of Wave Added Resistance},
author = {Rob Grin},
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/News/News-items/On-The-Prediction-Of-Wave-Added-Resistance.htm
},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-06-11},
booktitle = {11th International Marine Design Conference (IMDC), Glasgow, UK},
abstract = {There is continuous research on analytical, numerical and (semi-)empirical methods to predict wave added resistance. Most of this research focuses on a particular area, like motion induced wave added resistance, wave added resistance in short waves or is limited to head seas only. The practical application of most methods is therefore often limited. Moreover, most methods require detailed information on hull lines and results are rather sensitive to the discretisation of those hull lines. Since 2006, MARIN has been investigating the feasibility of empirical methods which do not have those limitations. They only require the main particulars to predict wave added resistance. Within the Sea Trial Analysis joint industry project (STA-JIP), a method was developed for the correction of wave added resistance in head seas covering both the motion induced and the wave reflection induced component. This method was further refined and extended to all wave directions within the service performance analysis JIP (SPA-JIP) in 2008.
This paper presents the results of the comparison between the prediction methods and model tests for almost 50 different ships, comprising more than 1500 tests in regular and irregular seas.},
keywords = {added resistance in waves, sea margin, sea trial, seakeeping, speed loss, STA JIP},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
This paper presents the results of the comparison between the prediction methods and model tests for almost 50 different ships, comprising more than 1500 tests in regular and irregular seas.
2008
van den Boom, Henk; van der Hout, Ivo; Flikkema, Maarten
Speed-Power Performance of Ships during Trials and in Service Conference
Greek Section 2nd International Symposium on Ship Operations, Management & Economics, SNAME, 2008.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: full scale, STA JIP, trial
@conference{Boom2018,
title = {Speed-Power Performance of Ships during Trials and in Service},
author = {Henk van den Boom and Ivo van der Hout and Maarten Flikkema},
url = {http://www.marin.nl/web/JIPs-Networks/Public/STA.htm
http://www.sname.org/home
http://www.staimo.com/},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-09},
booktitle = {Greek Section 2nd International Symposium on Ship Operations, Management & Economics},
journal = {SNAME 2008},
publisher = {SNAME},
abstract = {Where in the past the operational cost of a ship was dominated by crew costs, this is now taken over by the bunker costs due to the ever increasing oil prices. To reduce operational costs, ships should be optimised in fuel efficiency considering environmental conditions and operational parameters. As a first step the speedpower relation should be established by means of speed trials upon delivery by the yard. A transparent and accurate industry standard for conducting and analysing speed trials is discussed. New methods to determine the added resistance of ships in waves are presented and a consistent practice for speed trials is proposed. The second step in optimizing the vessel performance is to monitor the speed-power performance of the vessel in
service. The vessel however is navigating under continuously changing loading and environmental conditions. By a proper analysis of the results and a display to the crew, the in service fuel consumption can be reduced by e.g. optimum trim of the vessel, engine settings or timely cleaning of the propeller.},
keywords = {full scale, STA JIP, trial},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
service. The vessel however is navigating under continuously changing loading and environmental conditions. By a proper analysis of the results and a display to the crew, the in service fuel consumption can be reduced by e.g. optimum trim of the vessel, engine settings or timely cleaning of the propeller.